Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy
Emblem of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy
Total information
Number of members
Technique (as of March 2014):
Military conflicts
War in South Ossetia (2008),
Crimean crisis (2014)
Order of the Red Banner
The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation is the operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation on the Black Sea. Successor to the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR and the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire
After the collapse of the USSR, from August 1992, the Black Sea Fleet existed as a joint fleet of the Russian Federation and Ukraine. In 1995-97 The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation and the Ukrainian Navy were created with separate basing on the territory of Ukraine. In 1997, Russia and Ukraine entered into a basic agreement. The lease terms for the base are $98 million. Duration of stay is until May 28, 2017.
On April 21, 2010, the Presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine Dmitry Medvedev and Viktor Yanukovych in Kharkov signed an Agreement on the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine (ratified by the State Duma of the Russian Federation and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on April 27, 2010). The stay of the Russian base in the Black Sea was extended by 25 years (until 2042) with the right to extend it for the next five-year period if neither side declares the need to terminate this agreement.
On April 2, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law terminating four Russian-Ukrainian agreements on the Black Sea Fleet from 1997 and 2010.
The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy includes surface and submarine forces, coastal fleet forces and their constituent marine units, coastal defense troops and naval aviation.
In addition, the Black Sea Fleet includes ships and vessels, special purpose units, private units, logistics units and the Hydrographic Service of the Navy.
The main bases of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy are the Sevastopol and Novorossiysk naval bases.
The main base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet is the Sevastopol Naval Base, which is located on the administrative territory of the hero city of Sevastopol and is located in three bays of this city - Northern, Southern and Karantinnaya and has several berths.
The second base is Novorossiysk Naval Base. It is the youngest association of the Russian Navy and is located on the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea.
The main tasks of the NVMB are to assist the forces of the Southern Military District in the coastal direction, protect the state border of Russia in cooperation with the forces of the border troops, ensure the deployment of fleet forces, as well as ensure military maritime transport.
The Crimean naval base is a heterogeneous operational-territorial association of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR Navy and the Russian Navy, which existed in 1976-1996 and was recreated in 2014.
As of 2014, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy includes the 11th brigade of anti-submarine ships, the 197th brigade of landing ships, the 68th brigade of water area security ships, the 41st brigade of missile boats, which are based in Sevastopol, and the 184th brigade Water District Protection, based in Novorossiysk.
Ships and vessels belonging to the Russian Navy currently do not have prefixes in their names.
The Black Sea Fleet is an operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, which includes diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.
The history of the origin and formation of the Black Sea Fleet dates back to the second half of the 18th century, when Russia achieved major successes in the struggle for access to the seas and established itself on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas. Sailors of the Black Sea Fleet took an active part in the revolutionary events of 1917, and from the spring of 1918 they participated in the fight against the advancing forces of German troops. During the Great Patriotic War, the Black Sea Fleet defended bases and coasts, defended its communications, acted on enemy communications, and carried out air strikes on its coastal facilities. Subsequently, having restored the infrastructure destroyed by the war, the Black Sea Fleet carried out tasks to protect the southern borders of the country.
After the collapse of the USSR, from August 1992, the Black Sea Fleet existed as a united fleet (of the Russian Federation and Ukraine). According to the bilateral agreements on the Black Sea Fleet of 1995 and 1997, on its basis, the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy were created with separate basing, and the status of the Russian fleet on the territory of Ukraine was determined.
On June 12, 1997, the historical St. Andrew's flag was again raised on the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, under which the Black Sea sailors resumed their participation in long-distance voyages not only in the Mediterranean Sea, but also in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. In 2010, the Black Sea Fleet organizationally became part of the Southern Military District.
On April 2, 2014, in connection with the admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the formation of new subjects within the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, the President of Russia signed the Federal Law "On the termination of agreements relating to the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine" . After this, the renewal of the naval personnel, aviation and equipment of the coastal troops of the Black Sea Fleet began.
The Black Sea Fleet protects Russia's economic interests in the region, ensures the safety of navigation, and carries out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business calls, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.). During the operation of the Russian Aerospace Forces in Syria, fleet forces from the permanent naval group in the Mediterranean provided maritime cover for aviation operations from the Khmeimim airbase.
The most serious blow to the USSR Black Sea Fleet was the collapse of the USSR and the subsequent period of general political and economic confusion.
According to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was caused by the election in 2004 of the new President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, who, as the guarantor of the Constitution of Ukraine, is obliged to guarantee compliance with the requirements of part 7 of article 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that “the placement of foreign military bases,” as well as paragraph 14 of the Transitional Provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that “the use of existing military bases on the territory of Ukraine for the temporary stay of foreign military units is possible on lease terms in the manner determined by international treaties of Ukraine ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.”
The developments are reminiscent of a similar Russian-Ukrainian confrontation in 2003 over the Tuzla Spit in the Kerch Strait, when a dispute over an island with an area of 3 square meters. km almost escalated into a military clash. In December 2003, the “intervention” of the Russian President was required to resolve the Tuzla crisis jointly with the Ukrainian President.
Meanwhile, Russia is building new naval bases and Black Sea Fleet facilities on its own territory. On January 1, the implementation of a federal target program for the development of coastal infrastructure of the Navy in the Krasnodar Territory began. Construction of the Novorossiysk naval base will last until .
Representatives of Ukrainian nationalist organizations constantly picket Russian naval facilities in Crimea, demanding to “stop the occupation of Ukraine.”
| Type | Name | Manufacturer | Airborne number | Bookmark date | Launching | Commissioning | State | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruisers - 1 | ||||||||
| Project 1164 missile cruiser, Atlant type | "Moscow" | 121 | 05.11.1976 | 27.07.1979 | 30.12.1982 | In service. The flagship of the fleet. In 1991-1999 underwent a major overhaul and modernization. According to n.d. rearmed from the Basalt anti-ship missile system to the Vulcan anti-ship missile system Ex. "Glory". |
||
| Destroyers \BPK - 2 (1) | ||||||||
| Large anti-submarine ship pr. 1134B, Berkut-B type | "Ochakov" | Plant named after 61 Communards (Nikolaev) | 707 | 19.12.1969 | 30.04.1971 | 04.11.1973 | Since 1990, under repair and modernization. It was planned to completely replace weapons and electronics; according to some sources, it was intended to test the first domestic multifunctional combat information and control system "Alliance". At the end of 2008, as of today. work is frozen. The ship was removed from the plant's territory. |
|
| "Kerch" | Plant named after 61 Communards (Nikolaev) | 713 | 30.04.1971 | 21.07.1972 | 25.12.1974 | In service At the end of the 80s, radar weapons were modernized. In the mid-2000s, it underwent a medium(?) renovation and additional modernization(?). In the spring of 2007, after a long break, the “first line” ships were put into operation. In some Western sources it is classified as a "cruiser". |
||
| Large anti-submarine ship of project 61m, type "Komsomolets of Ukraine" | "Sharp-witted" | Plant named after 61 Communards (Nikolaev) | 713 | 15.07.1966 | 26.08.1967 | 25.09.1969 | In service Officially classified as a patrol ship (SKR) Modernized in 1990-95. on project 01090 - a new marine non-acoustic complex MNK-300, 8 anti-ship missile launchers X-35 “Uran”, additional radars, and jamming systems were installed. Despite its age, it is one of the most popular ships in the fleet. |
|
| Frigates - 2 | ||||||||
| Patrol ship pr. 1135-1135M | "Okay" | Shipyard "Zaliv" (Kerch) | 801 | 25.05.1979 | 07.05.1980 | 29.12.1980 | In service. | |
| "Inquisitive" | Shipyard "Yantar" (Kaliningrad) | 808 | 27.06.1979 | 16.04.1981 | 30.11.1981 | In service. Project 1135M. |
||
| Corvettes (MPK, MRK, DBK) - 16 | ||||||||
| 197th Landing Ship Brigade | ||||||||
| 152 | 1171 | Nikolay Filchenkov | BDK | in service | ||||
| 148 | 1171 | Orsk | BDK | It will be put into operation again in the near future after repairs at the Tuapse plant. | ||||
| 150 | 1171 | Saratov | BDK | in service | ||||
| 151 | 775M | Azov | BDK | in service | ||||
| 142 | Novocherkassk | BDK | in service | |||||
| 158 | Caesar Kunikov | BDK | in service | |||||
| 156 | Yamal | BDK | in service | |||||
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400 division of anti-submarine ships | |||||
| 059 | 1124 | Aleksandrovets | IPC | in service | |
| 071 | 1124M | Suzdalets | IPC | in service | |
| 064 | 1124M | Muromets | IPC | in service | |
| 060 | 11451 | Vladimirets | IPC | in service | |
| 418th minesweeper division | |||||
| 913 | Kovrovets | MTSH | in service | ||
| 911 | 266M | Ivan Golubets | MTSH | in service | |
| 912 | 266M | Turbinist | MTSH | in service | |
| 909 | 266M | Vice Admiral Zhukov | MTSH | in service | |
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 166th Novorossiysk Division of Small Missile Ships | |||||
| 615 | 1239 | Bora | RKVP | in service | |
| 616 | 1239 | Simoom | RKVP | in service | |
| 620 | 12341 | Calm | RTO | in service | |
| 617 | 12341 | Mirage | RTO | in service | |
| 295th Sulina Missile Boat Division | |||||
| 966 | 2066 | R-44 | RKA | Cutting in Inkerman March 2009 | |
| 955 | 12411 | R-60 | RKA | Modernized in 2005-06. in service | |
| 953 | 12411 | R-239 | RKA | in service | |
| 952 | 12411 | R-109 | RKA | in service | |
| 962 | 12417 | R-71 | RKA | in service | |
| 954 | 12411M | R-334 Ivanovets | RKA | in service | |
| 47th support boat unit | |||||
| 1293 | KM-593 | KM | |||
| 1293 | KM-731 | KM | |||
| 1232V | KVM-332 | MCU | |||
| 1232V | KVM-702 | MCU | |||
| BUK-645 | BEECH | ||||
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 053 | 1124M | Povorino | IPC | in service | |
| 054 | 1124M | Yeisk | IPC | in service | |
| 055 | 1124M | Kasimov | IPC | in service | |
| 901 | 12660 | Zheleznyakov | MTSH | in service | |
| 770 | 266ME | Valentin Pikul | MTSH | in service | |
| 426 | 1265 | Mineral water | BTSH | in service | |
| 438 | 1265 | Lieutenant Ilyin | BTSH | in service | |
| 1251 | RT-168 | ||||
| 12592 | RT-278 | ||||
| 506 | Dauria | 1968 | in service |
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSV-201 | 864 | Azov region | in service | ||
| 861M | Equator | in service | |||
| 861M | Kildin | in service | |||
| 861 | Liman | in service |
- On November 4, 2007, in the waters of the south-eastern part of the Black Sea, in order to test combat readiness, training activities were held for diverse forces of the Black Sea Fleet. Russian authorities maintained that the exercises were planned. The large landing ships “Yamal”, “Tsezar Kunikov”, the patrol ship “Ladny”, and the rescue tug “Shakhter” took part in the exercises.
May 13 is the Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy - an annual holiday celebrated in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet.
The formation of the Black Sea Fleet began after joining the Russian Empire in 1783. The first basing point of the Black Sea Fleet was Akhtiarskaya (Sevastopol) Bay southwest of the Crimean Peninsula. This is where it was laid. Now the Black Sea Flotilla is based at the Sevastopol and Novorossiysk naval bases.
Today, the Russian Black Sea Fleet ensures the military security of the country in the south. It consists of 2,739 ships - sailing, battleships, large missile, patrol, reconnaissance, landing, small missile, mine-sweeping ships, squadron battleships and destroyers, cruisers, submarines, sea hunters, gunboats, boats, rescue, auxiliary, hydrographic ships and other vessels. In addition, the fleet also has submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops. Aviation is stationed at the airfields of Kacha (7057th mixed airbase of the Black Sea Fleet) and Gvardeysky (assault squadron 7057 of the Black Sea Fleet Air Base of the Russian Federation).
The number of personnel of the Black Sea Fleet by the spring of 2014 was 25,000 people.
In 2013, the ships of the fleet made 9 long voyages, visiting 37 ports of 13 states. Planes and helicopters of the Naval Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet performed more than 300 sorties during the year.
Starting from 2014, the Black Sea Fleet will begin to be replenished with new generation submarines. Before the beginning of 2015, the flotilla will receive into service the first of six patrol ships of the Admiral Grigorovich project, built at the Baltic shipyard Yantar in Kaliningrad, and by 2016, the Black Sea Fleet will receive submarines built by Admiralty Shipyards OJSC (St. -Petersburg). In total, they want to allocate more than 86 billion rubles for the development of the Black Sea Fleet until 2020. It is also planned to create new air defense units and marine corps units at the Russian fleet bases.
The Black Sea Fleet was founded in the 18th century by decree Empress Catherine II after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. On May 13, 1783, ships of the Azov and Dnieper flotillas entered the bay near the village of Akhtiar (later the city of Sevastopol). From that time on, the naval forces in the south of Russia began to be called the Black Sea Fleet.
Emblem of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Ministry of Defence
Its legal successor was the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR Navy, which existed until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, after which in 1996 it was divided into the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy with separate basing on Ukrainian territory. On August 3, 1992, in Mukhalatka (near Yalta), the presidents of the two countries Boris Yeltsin And Leonid Kravchuk signed an Agreement on a phased settlement of the Black Sea Fleet problem, according to which the Ukrainian Navy and the Russian Black Sea Fleet are based separately.
And on June 9, 1995 in Sochi, the presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Kuchma An agreement was signed on the separate basing of the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Naval Forces.
Sevastopol was assigned the status of the main base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. The ships were divided in the proportion of 81.7% - Russia, 18.3% - Ukraine.
On May 28, 1997, three agreements were signed between Ukraine and Russia in Kyiv: on the parameters of the division of the Black Sea Fleet, on the status and conditions of the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. The cost of renting the Black Sea Fleet base in Ukraine amounted to $98 million. In addition, according to the agreements, the Russian Federation had to pay for utilities and transport services. According to the documents, the period of use by the Russian fleet of land, water areas, bays and infrastructure in Crimea was 20 years from the date of signing.
Ukraine agreed to the location of Russian naval facilities in Sevastopol: 31 test centers, the Gvardeysky airfield, as well as HF communications points in Yalta and Sudak and a Crimean military sanatorium. The main bay - Sevastopolskaya with berths for parking more than 30 warships, Karantinnaya Bay with a brigade of missile boats of the Black Sea Fleet and a diving range, Cossack Bay, where the marine corps brigade is located, and Yuzhnaya Bay - were transferred to Russia on a 20-year lease. Ships of the Russian and Ukrainian fleets are jointly based in Streletskaya Bay, with the Black Sea Fleet controlling the coastal infrastructure of the bay. Russia also received the main arsenal of ammunition, a missile base for the Black Sea Fleet, an landing range, the 31st test center in Feodosia, and two airfields: Gvardeyskoye near Simferopol and Sevastopol (Kacha).
According to the agreements, Russia could have no more than 25 thousand personnel, 24 artillery systems with a caliber of more than 100 mm, 132 armored vehicles, and 22 aircraft in Ukraine. The number of Russian ships and vessels should not exceed 388 units. The leased airfields in Gvardeyskoye and Sevastopol (Kach) could accommodate 161 aircraft.
Coastal ships of the Black Sea Fleet parked near the city of Sevastopol. Photo: RIA Novosti / Sergey Petrosyan
April 21, 2010, the presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine Dmitry Medvedev And Victor Yanukovich in Kharkov, they signed an Agreement on the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine (ratified by the State Duma of the Russian Federation and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on April 27, 2010). The stay of the Russian base in the Black Sea was extended by 25 years (until 2042) with the right to extend it for the next five-year period if neither side declares the need to terminate this agreement.
The cost of rent for the stay of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine until May 28, 2017 is $97.75 million per year. They wrote it off to pay off Ukraine’s national debt to Russia. Starting from May 28, 2017, the lease payment was to be $100 million per year, plus additional discounts for Russian gas of $100 at a price of more than $330 per thousand cubic meters, or 30% of the contract price.
In March 2014, the main base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol came under the jurisdiction of Russia. The Kharkov agreements, according to which the fleet was based in Crimea, were denounced by the Russian Federation due to the loss of the subject of the agreements. On March 18, 2014, an Agreement was signed between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on the formation of new entities within the Russian Federation.
Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the government, together with the Ministry of Defense, to develop a program for the development of the Black Sea Fleet. The deadline for execution of the order is June 1, 2014. Responsible for implementation - Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev And Head of the Ministry of Defense Sergei Shoigu.
