Many people love active recreation and go to a ski resort in winter. Beginners immediately take several skiing lessons from an instructor. From the outside, everything seems so easy, but it takes special skill to descend slopes correctly. It is important to learn braking techniques in order to ride beautifully and with pleasure. The most important braking technique is “plow” and “stop” (“semi-plough”).
Experienced skiers navigate the slopes without using braking, because many years of experience give them many different tricks. An insufficiently prepared skier often cannot cope with high speed on the fly, so it is imperative to learn how to reduce it. “Plow” or “stop” braking is used in cases where an unexpected obstacle appears, if one of the participating skiers suddenly falls.
At competitions, spectators can be a nuisance. The “plow” braking technique on skis is sometimes used when the route is not well known, on very sharp slopes. This is a very effective way of suspending. It helps you adjust your fast pace and slow down.
What is the meaning of the expression “in the plough”? Anyone who has ever seen the structure and operation of an ordinary plow will immediately understand what position the athlete should take. For the skier, this means that he must adopt a stance that will help him control his speed through braking or stop. Even a novice athlete can perform braking with a “plow” without difficulty. Where to start performing a stand? It is carried out according to the following plan:
There are several ways to learn how to perform plow braking on skis:
Once a beginner skier has tried the plow stance, it's time to test it in motion and learn to pause at the bottom of the piste. Most often, long slopes with access to straight terrain are chosen for the route. In such cases, there is no risk of injury due to a sudden fall.
First, the athlete climbs the slope. After this, he takes the basic ski stance (described above). He then moves straight down the track. After gaining speed, he prepares to perform “plow” braking: gradually straightens his legs, straightening his knees. Then the skier bends his knees, presses on the inner ribs of the skis and spreads the backs to the sides. Thus, this action resembles the work of a plow. When rolling out, he applies braking, transferring his body weight to the inner ribs of the skis.
Beginner skiers may experience numbness in their legs after the first braking, but don’t worry - this is normal at first.
On steep slopes, plow braking helps control your riding speed. What will it depend on? To experiment, you need to climb a sloping slope. After this, you should take a “plough” on the slope. Then in this position you need to start moving down. You should not be afraid of high speed, because this braking is very reliable. If you systematically bend and straighten your legs, and also press on the inner edging of the skis, and change the gap between the backs, then you can safely reduce or increase the speed. When the angle between the rears increases, the movement will slow down, and when it decreases, the ride will speed up.
Once a beginner skier has mastered braking on small slopes, you can begin to master steeper slopes or slopes where the terrain changes. The most common mistakes that beginners make when mastering the “plow” method are the following: the tips of the skis sometimes cross, the pressure on each ski is unevenly distributed, which changes the direction of movement. Sometimes beginners don’t spread their heels far enough or bend their knees a little and don’t bring them together. If such errors occur, you should practice several more times on low slopes.
Anyone who has mastered “plough” braking can easily use the “stop” method. To make it easier to understand its essence, you can imitate movements on the spot several times. Such braking is intended for descents obliquely, diagonally. This is a kind of ski turn or side slip. Here is an example instruction for stop braking:
Ultimately, you can use a stick support. In order to come to a complete stop, the skis must be placed across the slope strictly on the edge. Most often, this braking method is used by men or experienced athletes; girls are better off using it on low slopes, because it requires a lot of strength and dexterity to perform it.
What to do in cases where it is impossible to use either the “plough” or the “emphasis” technique? There are times when a skier is moving down a slope at high speed, and suddenly an obstacle suddenly appears in his way. In this case, you simply need to brake or stop sharply.
Sometimes the only way to prevent hitting an object is by deliberately falling. This is in cases where the obstacle took the skier by surprise and is so close that there is no way to slow down. If you skillfully manage a fall, then there is a chance of not getting injured, quickly getting up and continuing skating.
For such a case, you need to know the following tricks of a controlled fall:
There are cases when such a fall causes the skis to cross. Then you should roll over onto your back, raise your legs up and point your skis to the desired position. After this, you need to turn over on your side and get up.
In some cases, tourists use stick braking. This happens when there is a lot of snow on the slopes, when falling is inappropriate. These methods are only suitable for amateurs; athletes do not use them in racing.
Skiing is not difficult. Anyone can easily learn this, even a child. Required: desire, strong intention, equipment, and, of course, a mountain slope. Skiing styles are varied. Among them: freestyle, freeride, ski cross, extreme carving, riding on bumpy tracks. They are based on mastery of basic skiing techniques of a universal and recreational nature.
You should begin your training by understanding the principles of ski control:
At the moment of movement, the skis are controlled (directed) in two ways:
The first option allows you to give greater momentum to the movement and, accordingly, change the direction radically. The second option is suitable for light steering and trajectory correction. These two methods are used complementarily and are combined automatically during the riding process.
The main advantage of skiing is the absence of the need to expend energy on movement, as is required, for example, by conventional skiing on flat terrain. The energy of the movement is given by the mountain descent. But this plus also turns into a minus: in order to reduce the speed of movement, it is necessary to expend energy on braking. Braking control is also important because the safety of the skier depends on it.
Even those who have never skied have heard about edges. It is these “pointed” sides of the skis that are the functional element that allows braking (as well as turns).
Edge braking is carried out in the following ways:
Lessons should include training in all three types of braking.
The skier and the skis form a single whole. Correct steering and braking are not enough to ski well. It is also necessary to learn to control the body in the dynamics of a ski slope. To do this, always strive to maintain the body position as close to vertical as possible: when sliding, traverse, turning or braking. Maintaining balance when moving on a horizontal surface is inherent in us at the reflex level. This is much easier than controlling the body, for example, when jumping with a parachute.
To ski and enjoy it, you need to choose the optimal descent path and react to emerging obstacles in the form of changes in terrain or obstacles in the form of snowboarders or other skiers.
A beginner skier should be aware of the line of descent from the slope, i.e., the path on which he will experience the least resistance, in order to be able to develop maximum speed. The slope line exists in conjunction with the terrain features. An experienced skier sees it from the top and feels it during the descent.
For training, choose simple slopes without holes, bumps or moving obstacles in the form of other skiers. The likelihood that you will be able to get around all this or brake in a timely manner is extremely small.
Basic position of a skier when skiing:
Sliding or sliding, or “shussing,” provides the greatest speed when descending a slope. This is the simplest element of alpine skiing.
To prevent slipping, edges are used. The skier stands across the slope line on the outer edges, which, under the influence of gravity, cut into the snow and prevent any movement. If this maneuver is performed while sliding freely along a slope, then the sliding will be replaced by a side sliding with braking. This is a beautiful maneuver, the technique of which must be practiced from the very beginning of training: on the spot, then on the descent.
An important rule: if during free sliding the loaded part of the ski slips faster, then when edging, on the contrary, the loaded part slows down. The harmonious combination of sliding and side sliding indicates satisfactory mastery of alpine skiing technique.
The transition into and out of a lateral slip is carried out using the strength of the legs, which, as already mentioned, are deflected at the knee and ankle joints for this purpose. By finding a video on the Internet, you can learn how to do and where to start lateral sliding.
To ski downhill, you must learn to maintain a high degree of maneuverability. For an untrained person, skis are a “burden” that significantly complicates mobility. Beginners often walk awkwardly along the slope, creating a feeling of stiffness and tightness. And a constrained and tense person will not be able to ride correctly and with pleasure. Based on this, all beginners can be recommended to practice turns on the spot. They allow you to learn how to control your legs with skis on them. The techniques for two types of in-place turns are described below.
A star turn is a forward movement of the legs in a circle.
A 90° bull turn is not fundamentally different from a star turn.
The technique for doing it is as follows:
A bull turn is convenient because it can be done quickly, taking a braking position at the end.
Universal recommendations will be useful to you in training:
Use the lessons learned and finish by watching another video on skiing technique.
Braking is applied when it is necessary to reduce speed or to come to a complete stop. The main methods of braking include: braking by changing the descent stance, “plough”, “half-plough”, stop, braking with sticks, braking by falling. Let's consider the technique of performing these braking methods.
Braking by changing the descent position. This method is used when rolling out when descending from mountains by changing the stance. For example, a skier moves from a low stance to the main one, and then to a high one, changing the angle of flexion of the legs at the knee joints and straightening the torso.
Rice. 28. Plow braking
The same thing happens when you spread the heels of your skis to the sides: the wider the “plow”, the stronger the braking. The angle of the skis and their loading depend on the speed of the skier on the descent, the required braking and the nature of the snow cover.
Half-plow braking- a type of “plough” braking. It is used only on gentle slopes, on plains or rollouts from slopes and in the presence of ski tracks. It is carried out as follows: one ski remains in the track, the other performs the same movements as when braking with a “plow”.
Stop braking(Fig. 29). This method is used when descending obliquely or on a flat, rolled slope, as well as for making a sudden stop on the plain.
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Fig.29. Stop braking
When braking when descending obliquely, the skier transfers his body weight to the top (along the slope) ski, places the other one on the inner edge with the heel to the side (in the stop position) and performs braking. When braking, the ski tips are level to avoid turning. Increasing the angle of abduction and tilt of the ski increases braking. Braking stops when the ski is returned to its original position (parallel).
When braking on the plain, the body weight is transferred to the inner ski, and the outer one is sharply pulled to the side with the heel and turned over.
The tip of the outer ski is pushed forward a little, the skier turns around, and after the turn, the inner ski is placed next to the outer ski.
Braking with sticks. This method is used only at low speeds. The skier pushes the poles forward with a sharp blow, as if pushing off from them. The hands are slightly further apart than when performing ski moves.
Intentional fall braking(Fig. 30). This method is used in exceptional cases, when an obstacle suddenly appears on the descent, and the distance to it is too short and it is necessary to stop urgently to avoid injury.
The way to fall safely is as follows: before falling, you need to sit down, and then fall, as if sequentially sitting in the snow backwards - to the side - on your hip and on your side. At the same time, the skis should be turned across the slope. Stretch your arms to the sides, throw the rings of the sticks back.
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Rice. 30. Fall braking: A - a fall; b - getting up
There are several ways to get up after a fall: 1) sit down, bend your legs, lean on poles and, holding your skis on the edges across the slope, stand up; 2) with one hand grab the handles of the poles, with the other - the poles at the rings (toes), push off and stand up; 3) place the skis parallel, push off with your hands from the slope and stand up - fig. 30b.
If the skis are crossed when you fall, you need to roll over onto your back, raise your legs up and bring the skis to their normal position. Then turn over on your side, place your skis across the slope and stand up.
Stop braking (“semi-plough”)
Perform with one ski to slightly reduce speed. First, the skier transfers his body weight to the ski going in the direction of movement. He pulls the heel of the second ski to the side, places the ski at an angle and edges it onto the inner edge, which slows down the progress. The degree of speed reduction depends on the angle of retraction of the braking ski to the side, the amount of edge and its loading with body weight. To avoid turning, the ski tips should be at the same level. Braking is stopped by placing the braking ski parallel to the straight ski.
Plow braking
Perform with both skis on straight slopes with fairly dense snow cover. To do this, the skier from sliding on parallel skis smoothly and symmetrically spreads the heels of both skis to the sides, places the skis on the inner ribs, evenly distributes body weight on both legs, preventing the toes of the skis from crossing. The degree of braking, up to stopping, is directly dependent on the ski angle. Braking ends with a return to sliding on parallel skis.
Side slip braking
Used on very steep slopes. The skis are placed across the slope, resting their upper edges against it, as in a “ladder” climb. Gradually reducing the edge angle (the angle between the ski plane and the slope), a slide is performed.
Braking with sticks
Used in cases where it is impossible or irrational to brake with skis. This method allows you to slow down only slightly, for example, to avoid hitting a skier in front of you coming down the slope. To brake, the poles are vigorously pressed against the snow, being sure to hold them with their rings (paws, segments) back and closer to the body. The braking effect depends on the amount and duration of pressure on the poles. When they are separated from the snow, the braking effect ends.
Braking by changing the descent strut
Possibly due to the use of the braking effect of the resistance force of the oncoming air flow. To deliberately slow down on a descent, for example before a turn or to avoid hitting a skier in front, they take a high descent stance, sometimes even with their arms spread out to the sides.
Controlled fall braking
Justified only as a last resort emergency stop on the descent when an obstacle suddenly appears in front of the skier, when there is a need to sharply brake or even stop. The fall must be controlled.
To avoid the skier turning or turning over, you need to sit down, put your skis across the slope as quickly as possible, hold the poles tightly in your hands and be sure to hold them with the pins back so as not to bump into them. The safest thing is to fall on your side. You only need to get up after stopping.
Turning while moving by stepping
Used both on flat areas and on slopes. It is the most effective due to the absence of braking when turning, and with vigorous repulsions an increase in speed is possible.
The turn is performed by stepping with skating steps in the direction of the turn due to powerful push-offs with the outer ski. To increase speed when energetically pushing off with the outer ski, perform a simultaneous push with poles.
Turning in a plow motion
Used on steep slopes with a fairly wide and dense snow layer. Accompanied by the largest speed losses compared to other turning methods.
The “plough” turn is performed from the “plough braking” position.
Without lifting the skis from the support, the skier gradually loads the outer ski in the turn with body weight, pushes it a little forward and, by increasing the pressure on this ski, changes the direction of movement.
Turning while moving with a stop (“semi-plough”)
Used on descents when reaching a sufficiently high speed.
The outer ski in a turn occupies a position characteristic of “stop braking”, i.e. the heel part of the ski is placed at an angle, edged, lightly loaded with body weight and be sure to be pushed a little forward.
The steepness of the turn depends on the angle of edging and abduction to the side of the outer ski, the degree of extension forward and its loading with body weight.
Turning on parallel skis
On turns with a well-cut and knurled ski track, in order to turn in the direction of the ski trail, it is necessary to load part of the body weight on the inner ski in the turn, and also tilt the body into the turn, the steeper the higher the speed and the smaller the radius. Quick execution of these motor actions allows you to avoid the skier being carried off the ski trail.
Qualified skiers use the alpine skiing technique of turning on parallel skis, the main elements of which are rotational impulse, unloading of the skis, tilting the body into the turn and then forward.
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Braking when going downhill is a necessary measure to reduce speed. Typically, cross-country skiers travel the course without braking. Braking has to be resorted to in the event of an unexpected obstacle, a fall of the competitor in front, interference from spectators, due to poor preparation of the track or an insufficient level of preparedness of the athlete.
Plow braking(Fig. 20) is used on slopes of various steepness, on hiking trips and on walks. This is the most effective method, which allows you to significantly reduce speed on a slope or even stop, but it is rarely used in ski racing - the strongest skiers practically do not use it.
Plow braking is performed as follows. When descending in the main stance, the skier springily straightens his legs at the knees and, slightly “throwing” his body up (relieving the pressure on the heels of the skis), with strong pressure, sliding the skis with his heels to the side. The skis rest on the inner ribs (edges of the skis), and their tips remain together; the knees are brought together, the body weight is distributed evenly on both skis, and the torso leans slightly back, and the arms take the position as when descending in the main stance. Increasing the angle of the skis and placing them more on the edges significantly increases braking.
Stop braking(Fig. 21)
more often used when descending obliquely. The skier transfers his body weight to the upper (sliding straight) ski, and puts the lower one in the stop position: the heel is to the side, the toes are held together, the ski is edged on the inside edge. Increasing the angle of abduction and tilting of the ski increases braking. Throughout the entire braking, the body weight remains on the ski sliding straight (top), although a partial transfer of body weight to the ski that is in stop will lead to a change in the direction of movement, i.e. to turn with emphasis. This method is sometimes called “half-plough” braking.
Side slip braking(by turning the skis) is used when the athlete needs to stop and go down further down the slope, achieving lateral sliding by edging the skis.
Braking is performed as follows. When descending obliquely, the skier squats slightly, then straightens up with a rather sharp push forward, removing the load from the skis, placing them flatter and moving the heels of the skis to the side with a lateral movement of the ankle joints. This is helped by the counter rotational movement of the torso and shoulders, as well as additional support on the stick. After moving the backs of the skis to the side, the amount of braking force depends on the angle of the skis: for sharp braking or even a complete stop, you need to place the skis across the slope and steeply on the edge.
When driving down a slope at high speed and unexpectedly appearing obstacles, it sometimes becomes necessary to brake sharply or even stop. If the distance to the obstacle is too short, the only way to prevent a collision is deliberate fall. A controlled fall will reduce the possibility of injury and allow you to quickly get up and continue moving. Before falling, you need to sit down and then fall (gently “falling”) back to the side - on your hip and on your side. At the same time, the skis should be turned across the slope. It is better to scatter your hands with sticks up the slope. From this position, sitting down and then leaning on poles, it is easy to get up and, turning your skis, continue moving down the slope.
If the skis are crossed when you fall, you need to turn over on your back, raise your legs up and bring the skis to their normal position. Then turn over on your side again (skis across the slope) and stand up. In exceptional cases, when braking with skis is impossible (on a hiking trip, on a walk - in deep snow cover), and falling is impractical, skiers can use pole braking (one on the side, two on the side, two between the skis). These methods will help to slightly reduce the speed in case of unforeseen circumstances. In cross-country skiing, such braking methods are not used.
